French media: Monkey experiment or solve the mystery of the origin of Babaylan

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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 29 New Media Special. French media said that experiments show that the green long-tailed monkeys and long-tailed black-jawed monkeys that live on both sides of the African continent have embarked on different evolutionary paths 3.5 million years ago, they use the same vocabulary when facing danger.

AFP reported on May 27 that the new study published in the British journal Nature Ecology and Evolution that day not only illustrates how primates—including humans—cope with threats, but also says that Babaylan understands it.The basic composition of language itself.

The long-tailed black-jawed monkey living on the East African savannah makes three different calls when it discovers the three main natural enemies of leopards, snakes and eagles.

Monkeys who hear the cry but cannot see their natural enemies will respond accordingly: the cry about leopards will prompt them to climb a tree, the cry about snakes will prompt them to stand still, and the cry about eagles will cause them to scan the sky while looking for a hiding place.

It’s like a sentry shouting, “Don’t move, there’s a snake!” or “Leave the ground, there’s a leopard!”

The study’s lead author and head of the cognitive ethics laboratory at the German Primate Center pointed out that these unique warning calls were discovered 30 years ago, triggering debate about whether it was the original vocabulary.

This also raises questions about its origin. Did the cubs of the long-tailed black-jawed monkey learn these calls by imitating adult monkeys? Or are these calls Babaylan delivered through genes?

To deepen understanding, Fischer and his colleagues had an idea: “We decided to introduce a drone to fly over the green long-tailed monkey community and expose them to potential dangers from the sky that they had never encountered before.”

The drone flew over these defenseless monkeys in about 60 meters of air. The monkeys responded immediately after discovering the drone: they sired and then hurriedly sought cover.

This call is not only different from the response to a leopard or snake, but is also “strikingly similar to the call made by the long-tailed black-jawed monkey in East AfricaCinema“.

Fischer noted: “Despite the evolutionary differences of 3.5 million years, the call structure has basically not changed.”

In terms of evolutionary biologists, the warning of danger is “highly preserved.”

Kurt Hammerschmidt, also from the German Primate Research Center, said the fact that green long-tailed monkeys respond to drones rather than other large birds in the region suggests a subtle but important distinction. He said: “The warning call is not related to the eagle itself. It seems to correspond to a broader category: ‘flying stuff’.” To find out what monkeys learned from the incident where drones flew over the Komiks, the scientists conducted a second experiment a few days later. They hid a loudspeaker next to a monkey looking for food alone and played the sound of the drone. “After hearing the sound, the monkey looked up and searched the sky.” ”

The second test showed that exposure to a new threat was enough to let monkeys know the meaning of warning calls, which showed that they had extraordinary adaptability.

The researchers speculated that the monkey calls from hereditary – and their accompanying meaning – were similar to those made by human babies.

Harmerschmidt said: “When a child is born, he has the innate linguistic ability to moan, laugh and cry before he learns to speak. ”

For some reason, humans have learned to transcend these inherent words and have new voices with new meanings. But under all levels of culture and learning, some core reactions that belong to the category of evolutionary psychology still exist.