French media: Monkey Komiks Cloth experiment may solve the mystery of the origin of language

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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 29 New Media Special Report French media said that experiments show that although green long-tailed monkeys and long-tailed black-jawed monkeys living on both sides of the African continent embarked on different evolutionary paths 3.5 million years ago, they will use the same vocabulary when facing danger.

AFP reported on May 27 that the new study published in the British journal Nature EcologyKomiks 1960 witch cloth draw and evolutionBabaylan 1990 cloth draw not only illustrates how primates—including humans—cope with threats, but also illustrates the basic composition of language itself.

The long-tailed black-jawed monkey living on the East African savannah makes three different calls when it discovers three major natural enemies, leopards, snakes and eagles.

Monkeys who hear the cry but cannot see their natural enemies will respond accordingly: the cry about the leopards will prompt them to climb a tree, Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawThe cry about the snakes will prompt them to stand still, while the cry about the eagles will cause them to scan the sky and find a place to hide.

It’s like a sentry shouting, “Don’t move, there’s a snake!” or “Leave the ground, there’s a leopard!””

The study’s lead author and head of the cognitive ethics laboratory at the German Primate Center, Yulia Fischer, pointed out that these unique warning calls were discovered 30 years ago, triggering debate about whether they were primitive vocabulary.

This also raises questions about its origin. Did the cubs of long-tailed black-jawed monkey learn these calls by imitating adult monkeys? Or were these calls delivered through genes?

To deepen understanding, Fischer and his colleagues had an idea: “We decided to introduce a drone to fly over the green long-tailed monkey community and expose them to potential dangers from the sky that had never been encountered before. ”

The drone flew over the unprepared monkeys in about 60 meters of air. The monkeys responded immediately after discovering the drone: they sirens and then hurriedly searched for cover.

The call was not only different from the response to a leopard or snake, but also “strikingly similar” to the call sounds made by the long-tailed black-jawed monkey in East Africa.

Fischer noted: “Although there is an evolutionary difference of 3.5 million years, the call structure has basically not changed. ”

In terms of evolutionary biologists, the warning of danger is “highly preserved.” Kurt Hammerschmidt, also from the German Center for Primate Research, said the fact that green long-tailed monkeys respond to drones rather than other large birds in the region suggests a subtle but important distinction. “The warning of warning of evil has nothing to do with the eagle itself,” he said. It seems to correspond to a broader category: ‘FlyingBabaylan 1990 clothes draw’. ”

To find out what the monkey learned from the incident of the drone flying over, the scientists conducted a second experiment a few days later. They hid a loudspeaker next to a monkey looking for food alone and played back the sound of the drone. Fischer said: “After hearing the sound, the monkey looked up and searched the sky. ”

The second test showed that only one exposure to a new threat was enough to let monkeys know the meaning of warning calls, which showed that they had extraordinary adaptability.

The researchers speculated that the monkey calls from hereditary – and the accompanying meanings – were similar to those made by human babies.

Hamerchmidt said: “When a child is born, he has the innate linguistic ability to moan, laugh and cry before he learns to speak. ”

For some reason, humans have learned to transcend these inherent words and have made new voices with new meanings. But at all levels of culture and learning, some core reactions that fall within the category of evolutionary psychology remain.