The research team of the source exploration project believes that around 5,800 years ago, signs of civilization origin appeared in areas such as the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Xiliao River. On the morning of the 28th, the State Information Office held a press conference to announce the research results of the “Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project”. The source exploration research has empirized the 5,000-year-old civilization of the land of China through large-scale archaeological research conducted on many sites and rich archaeological data.
In 2001, the “Comprehensive Research on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization” project, referred to as the “Chinese Civilization Origin Exploration Project”, was officially proposed in 2001. During this period, large-scale archaeological excavations were carried out on many sites such as Liangzhu, Zhejiang, Taosi, Shanxi, and Shimao, Shaanxi, and empirical evidence of the 5,000-year civilization in China was empirized with rich archaeological data. Guan Qiang, Deputy Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: The research team of the Exploration Project believes that around 5,800 years ago, the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Xiliao River, and other regions of China have gradually entered the stage of civilization; around 3,800 years ago, the Central Plains region has formed a more mature form of civilization, and radiated cultural influence to all directions, becoming the core and leader of the overall process of Chinese civilization.
The formation of a diversified and integrated pattern has achieved overall understanding
Another major achievement achieved by the Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project is to have a general understanding of the formation of a diversified and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization, and to demonstrate the overall characteristics of Chinese civilization’s “diversity, inclusiveness, and continuousness”.
Guan Qiang: Research shows that the local societies behind the diverse cultural phenomenon also have various differences in their respective environmental foundations, economic content, social operation mechanisms, religion and social consciousness in their respective environmental foundations, economic content, social operation mechanisms, religion and social consciousness, presenting a multi-dimensional pattern, and promoting each other in long-term communication and interaction.>BabaylanAdvance, learn from strengths and weaknesses, and integrate into one another, and finally consolidate the core of civilization represented by Erlitou culture, opening up the civilization of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. The origin and early development of Chinese civilization are a process of diversity and integration.
Chinese civilization itself develops widely absorbs foreign civilizations
In terms of the influence of foreign civilizations, the research on the source believes that Chinese civilization has widely absorbed the influence of foreign civilizations in its own development. For example, wheat cultivation technology originated from West Asia, Central Asia and other regions, breeding of domestic animals such as scalpers and sheep, and bronze smelting technology have gradually been integrated into Chinese civilization and transformed to create a new look.
Looking at the beginning of China and writing a “family genealogy” for five thousand years
The “Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project” is another major scientific research project supported by the state to combine multidisciplinary research on Chinese history and ancient culture after the “Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project”. Since its formal proposal in 2001, four stages of research have been implemented, and the “China” before China has gradually become clear.
Focus on urban ruins. At that time, early countries had already begun to explore the source research, focusing on several urban ruins such as Liangzhu, Zhejiang, Taosi, Shanxi, and Shimao, Shaanxi.
The Liangzhu site in Zhejiang Province, an inner city built about 5,000 years ago, 1,800 meters long, 1,500 meters wide, and nearly 3 million square meters of area and an outer city with an area of 8 million square meters was discovered. In order to prevent flooding, large dams were built with a length of 3.5 kilometers, a width of more than ten meters and a height of several meters. Its engineering volume is second to none among the buildings of the same period in the world.
The Taosi ruins in Shanxi Province, a giant city site built 4,300 years ago was also discovered. The 2.8 million square meters of Komiks city already has strict functional partitions such as palace areas, handicrafts, Komiks, general residential areas and tomb areas.
The total area of the ancient city in Shimao, Shaanxi is 4 million square meters. It is composed of the imperial city, the inner city and the outer city. The ancient city is built with stones on the hilly hills. The city of the imperial city is built. href=”https://comicmov.com/”>Cinema wall is 9 meters high, and the gates of the outer city are built with majestic and tall balusters.
One of the heads of the comprehensive research project for the origin and early development of Chinese civilization Wang Wei: Early civilizations have begun to appear in all regions, and its mark is the emergence of royal power, the large city site, high-level buildings, so-called palaces, and high-level tombs. These points are an important symbol for judging civilization. Ultimately, the emergence of the country will have some material manifestations, such as large city sites and large projects.
Looking for the beginning of China The ancient country has lasted for thousands of years
Study on the origins found that Chinese civilization is actually a huge clump of many local civilizations scattered in the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Xiliao River Basin, and its size is far greater than that of several other ancient civilizations in the world. From about 5,800 years ago, the prehistoric society in the Yellow River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin and the Xiliao River area has begun to accelerate towards complexity.
From the origin of Chinese civilization to about 3,800 years ago, for more than a thousand years, there are many statements about “all nations” in this period. Research on the origin of Cinema called this stage the “Ancient Kingdom Era” and believed that it was the first major development of Chinese civilization in the early stages of China’s civilization.stage.
Dives and Integration: Laying the foundation of the three dynasties and becoming a historical trend
In the past thousand years, local civilizations have their own evolutionary methods and characteristics, rising and falling one after another, and they exchanged and competed with each other to make up for their weaknesses. They gradually showed the trend of “integration” and merged into the torrent of Chinese civilization. In the late ancient times, the Central Plains region represented by Erlitou, Henan, absorbed a large number of foreign advanced cultural factors, and at the same time began to radiate its powerful influence on the outside, presenting an unprecedented dynasty atmosphere.
This process is called “the diversity and integration of Chinese civilization” in the research on origin. As a historical trend, it laid the foundation for the “three-generation civilization” of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in the future, and also became a distant cause and source for the formation of multi-ethnic countries.
Wang Wei: We are all familiar with the 5,000-year-old Chinese civilization, but in fact, how much historical basis is there, whether it is true or mythical legend, is a very important issue for the Chinese nation. Our research has confirmed the civilizations over 5,000 years ago through archaeological discoveries and multidisciplinary combinations, which is also an important contribution to the research of world civilization.
Lingjiatan Ruins A “minimation” of the diverse and integrated civilization
Among the many sites that explore the origin and study, the Lingjiatan Ruins in Anhui were relatively early in the era. More than 5,000 years ago, Chinese civilization underwent major changes. Lingjiatan is located at one of the earliest nodes. Its jade making technology reached its peak at that time. A wide trench more than 2,000 meters long divided the living area and the tomb area, reflecting the “planning wisdom” of the ancestors.
The Lingjiatan site is located in Lingjiatan Natural Village, Tongzha Town, Hanshan County, Anhui Province. Since its excavation in 1987, a large number of exquisite jade, stone, pottery and other cultural relics have been unearthed, among which the jade is particularly prominent: a jade dragon unearthed, and a jade dragon after the Han Dynasty. href=”https://comicmov.com/”>Babaylan is basically similar; 6 jade men, with serious facial expressions and solemnly raised their hands, as if they were praying; so far, one unearthed from the site has been unearthed so farThe jade eagle is also the only one in the country. It carved on both sides, with the front and back sides exactly the same, and the production process is very superb. These jade artifacts express the worship of gods, witches and totems of ancient ancestors.
As of more than 30 jade axes in the shape of axes have been found. There are often one of the tombs of jade and stone axes unearthed. The location is also very special, located on the chest or face of the human body. Experts say that the axe is usually related to military power or royal power.
Lingjiatan Sub Project Leader of the Comprehensive Research Project on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization Shuozhi: The craftsmanship of Lingjiatan jade tools has reached the peak at that time. It may be in the innovative period of the development of Chinese jade culture, so it has a lot of quantity and variety, unlike Liangzhu jade cong and walls. The emergence of this highest peak is not for no reason, there will definitely be huge changes in social organization. Archaeological experts believe that making jade artifacts with superb craftsmanship requires a group of specialized jade workers who are separated from or semi-existed from agricultural labor, similar to handicrafts that are separated from agriculture, reflecting the major changes in society at that time. In recent years, archaeologists have conducted in-depth excavation and research on the 1.4 million square meters of Lingjiatan site. A trench more than 2,000 meters long has gradually appeared in front of today’s people, reflecting the “planning wisdom” that the ancestors of Lingjiatan had more than 5,300 years ago.
Shuozhi: It is twenty or thirty meters wide, and the deepest part can reach six or seven meters. Such a large Komiks project requires considerable organizational ability to coordinate. It also has a more important role. The aristocratic cemetery is outside the trench. Inside this trench is where people live at that time, it separates the living area of people at that time from the tomb.
Archaeological experts introduced that the heyday of Lingjiatan site was 5,500 to 5,300 years agobetween. Babaylan It was not conspicuous before this, and was small settlements with more than 20 sites currently known around. After that, these settlements gradually disappeared or declined, and Lingjiatan, which was relatively centrally located, eventually evolved into the largest and most developed regional center in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at that time.
Shuozhi: It’s a bit like urbanization, everyone is gathered in a large center. In view of this change in a small area, it is a process from dispersion to concentration, from diversity to integration. This seems to be the same in the formation of our entire Chinese civilization.
Source｜CCTV News
Editor｜Fan Meiling